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Confluent hypergeometric functions

Table of contents: Hypergeometric series - Differential equations - Kummer's transformation - Connection formulas - Asymptotic expansions

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Symbol: Hypergeometric0F1 —  0F1 ⁣(a,z)\,{}_0F_1\!\left(a, z\right) — Confluent hypergeometric limit function
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Symbol: Hypergeometric0F1Regularized —  0F1 ⁣(a,z)\,{}_0{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, z\right) — Regularized confluent hypergeometric limit function
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Symbol: Hypergeometric1F1 —  1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)\,{}_1F_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) — Kummer confluent hypergeometric function
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Symbol: Hypergeometric1F1Regularized —  1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)\,{}_1{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) — Regularized Kummer confluent hypergeometric function
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Symbol: HypergeometricU — U ⁣(a,b,z)U\!\left(a, b, z\right) — Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function
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Symbol: HypergeometricUStar — U∗ ⁣(a,b,z)U^{*}\!\left(a, b, z\right) — Scaled Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function
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Symbol: Hypergeometric2F0 —  2F0 ⁣(a,b,z)\,{}_2F_0\!\left(a, b, z\right) — Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function, alternative notation

Hypergeometric series

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 0F1 ⁣(a,z)=∑k=0∞1(a)kzkk!\,{}_0F_1\!\left(a, z\right) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\left(a\right)_{k}} \frac{{z}^{k}}{k !}
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 0F1 ⁣(a,z)=∑k=0∞1Γ ⁣(a+k)zkk!\,{}_0{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, z\right) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{\Gamma\!\left(a + k\right)} \frac{{z}^{k}}{k !}
a61f01
 1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)=∑k=0∞(a)k(b)kzkk!\,{}_1F_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{\left(a\right)_{k}}{\left(b\right)_{k}} \frac{{z}^{k}}{k !}
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 1F1 ⁣(−n,b,z)=∑k=0n(−n)k(b)kzkk!\,{}_1F_1\!\left(-n, b, z\right) = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{\left(-n\right)_{k}}{\left(b\right)_{k}} \frac{{z}^{k}}{k !}
70111e
 1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)=∑k=0∞(a)kΓ ⁣(b+k)zkk!\,{}_1{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{\left(a\right)_{k}}{\Gamma\!\left(b + k\right)} \frac{{z}^{k}}{k !}

Differential equations

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zy′′(z)+(b−z)y′(z)−ay ⁣(z)=0   where y ⁣(z)=C 1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)+DU ⁣(a,b,z)z y''(z) + \left(b - z\right) y'(z) - a y\!\left(z\right) = 0\; \text{ where } y\!\left(z\right) = C \,{}_1{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) + D U\!\left(a, b, z\right)
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zy′′(z)+ay′(z)−y ⁣(z)=0   where y ⁣(z)=C 0F1 ⁣(a,z)+Dz1−a 0F1 ⁣(2−a,z)z y''(z) + a y'(z) - y\!\left(z\right) = 0\; \text{ where } y\!\left(z\right) = C \,{}_0{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, z\right) + D {z}^{1 - a} \,{}_0{\textbf F}_1\!\left(2 - a, z\right)

Kummer's transformation

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 1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)=ez 1F1 ⁣(b−a,b,−z)\,{}_1F_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) = {e}^{z} \,{}_1F_1\!\left(b - a, b, -z\right)
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 1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)=ez 1F1 ⁣(b−a,b,−z)\,{}_1{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) = {e}^{z} \,{}_1{\textbf F}_1\!\left(b - a, b, -z\right)
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U ⁣(a,b,z)=z1−bU ⁣(1+a−b,2−b,z)U\!\left(a, b, z\right) = {z}^{1 - b} U\!\left(1 + a - b, 2 - b, z\right)

Connection formulas

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U∗ ⁣(a,b,z)=zaU ⁣(a,b,z)U^{*}\!\left(a, b, z\right) = {z}^{a} U\!\left(a, b, z\right)
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U∗ ⁣(a,b,z)= 2F0 ⁣(a,a−b+1,−1z)U^{*}\!\left(a, b, z\right) = \,{}_2F_0\!\left(a, a - b + 1, -\frac{1}{z}\right)
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 1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)=(−z)−aΓ ⁣(b−a)U∗ ⁣(a,b,z)+za−bezΓ ⁣(a)U∗ ⁣(b−a,b,−z)\,{}_1{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) = \frac{{\left(-z\right)}^{-a}}{\Gamma\!\left(b - a\right)} U^{*}\!\left(a, b, z\right) + \frac{{z}^{a - b} {e}^{z}}{\Gamma\!\left(a\right)} U^{*}\!\left(b - a, b, -z\right)
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U ⁣(a,b,z)=Γ ⁣(1−b)Γ ⁣(a−b+1) 1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)+Γ ⁣(b−1)Γ ⁣(a)z1−b 1F1 ⁣(a−b+1,2−b,z)U\!\left(a, b, z\right) = \frac{\Gamma\!\left(1 - b\right)}{\Gamma\!\left(a - b + 1\right)} \,{}_1F_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) + \frac{\Gamma\!\left(b - 1\right)}{\Gamma\!\left(a\right)} {z}^{1 - b} \,{}_1F_1\!\left(a - b + 1, 2 - b, z\right)
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U ⁣(a,n,z)=lim⁡b→nΓ ⁣(1−b)Γ ⁣(a−b+1) 1F1 ⁣(a,b,z)+Γ ⁣(b−1)Γ ⁣(a)z1−b 1F1 ⁣(a−b+1,2−b,z)U\!\left(a, n, z\right) = \lim_{b \to n} \frac{\Gamma\!\left(1 - b\right)}{\Gamma\!\left(a - b + 1\right)} \,{}_1F_1\!\left(a, b, z\right) + \frac{\Gamma\!\left(b - 1\right)}{\Gamma\!\left(a\right)} {z}^{1 - b} \,{}_1F_1\!\left(a - b + 1, 2 - b, z\right)
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 0F1 ⁣(a,z)=e−2z 1F1 ⁣(a−12,2a−1,4z)\,{}_0F_1\!\left(a, z\right) = {e}^{-2 \sqrt{z}} \,{}_1F_1\!\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, 2 a - 1, 4 \sqrt{z}\right)
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 0F1 ⁣(a,z)=(−z)(1−a)/2Ja−1 ⁣(2−z)\,{}_0{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, z\right) = {\left(-z\right)}^{\left( 1 - a \right) / 2} J_{a - 1}\!\left(2 \sqrt{-z}\right)
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 0F1 ⁣(a,z)=z(1−a)/2Ia−1 ⁣(2z)\,{}_0{\textbf F}_1\!\left(a, z\right) = {z}^{\left( 1 - a \right) / 2} I_{a - 1}\!\left(2 \sqrt{z}\right)

Asymptotic expansions

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U∗ ⁣(a,b,z)=∑k=0n−1(a)k(a−b+1)kk!(−z)k+Rn ⁣(a,b,z)U^{*}\!\left(a, b, z\right) = \sum_{k=0}^{n - 1} \frac{\left(a\right)_{k} \left(a - b + 1\right)_{k}}{k ! {\left(-z\right)}^{k}} + R_{n}\!\left(a,b,z\right)
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Symbol: HypergeometricUStarRemainder — Rn ⁣(a,b,z)R_{n}\!\left(a,b,z\right) — Error term in asymptotic expansion of Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function
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lim⁡z→∞∣Rn ⁣(a,b,eiθz)∣=0\lim_{z \to \infty} \left|R_{n}\!\left(a,b,{e}^{i \theta} z\right)\right| = 0
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∣Rn ⁣(a,b,z)∣≤∣(a)n(a−b+1)nn!zn∣21−σexp⁡ ⁣(2ρ(1−σ)∣z∣)   where σ=∣b−2a∣∣z∣, ρ=∣a2−ab+b2∣+σ(1+σ4)(1−σ)2\left|R_{n}\!\left(a,b,z\right)\right| \le \left|\frac{\left(a\right)_{n} \left(a - b + 1\right)_{n}}{n ! {z}^{n}}\right| \frac{2}{1 - \sigma} \exp\!\left(\frac{2 \rho}{\left(1 - \sigma\right) \left|z\right|}\right)\; \text{ where } \sigma = \frac{\left|b - 2 a\right|}{\left|z\right|},\,\rho = \left|{a}^{2} - a b + \frac{b}{2}\right| + \frac{\sigma \left(1 + \frac{\sigma}{4}\right)}{{\left(1 - \sigma\right)}^{2}}
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∣Rn ⁣(a,b,z)∣≤∣(a)n(a−b+1)nn!zn∣21+12πn1−σexp⁡ ⁣(πρ(1−σ)∣z∣)   where σ=∣b−2a∣∣z∣, ρ=∣a2−ab+b2∣+σ(1+σ4)(1−σ)2\left|R_{n}\!\left(a,b,z\right)\right| \le \left|\frac{\left(a\right)_{n} \left(a - b + 1\right)_{n}}{n ! {z}^{n}}\right| \frac{2 \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{2} \pi n}}{1 - \sigma} \exp\!\left(\frac{\pi \rho}{\left(1 - \sigma\right) \left|z\right|}\right)\; \text{ where } \sigma = \frac{\left|b - 2 a\right|}{\left|z\right|},\,\rho = \left|{a}^{2} - a b + \frac{b}{2}\right| + \frac{\sigma \left(1 + \frac{\sigma}{4}\right)}{{\left(1 - \sigma\right)}^{2}}
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∣Rn ⁣(a,b,z)∣≤∣(a)n(a−b+1)nn!zn∣2C ⁣(n)1−τexp⁡ ⁣(2C ⁣(1)ρ(1−τ)∣z∣)   where σ=∣b−2a∣∣z∣, ν=1+2σ2, τ=νσ, ρ=∣a2−ab+b2∣+τ(1+τ4)(1−τ)2, C ⁣(m)=(1+πm2+σν2m)νm\left|R_{n}\!\left(a,b,z\right)\right| \le \left|\frac{\left(a\right)_{n} \left(a - b + 1\right)_{n}}{n ! {z}^{n}}\right| \frac{2 C\!\left(n\right)}{1 - \tau} \exp\!\left(\frac{2 C\!\left(1\right) \rho}{\left(1 - \tau\right) \left|z\right|}\right)\; \text{ where } \sigma = \frac{\left|b - 2 a\right|}{\left|z\right|},\,\nu = 1 + 2 {\sigma}^{2},\,\tau = \nu \sigma,\,\rho = \left|{a}^{2} - a b + \frac{b}{2}\right| + \frac{\tau \left(1 + \frac{\tau}{4}\right)}{{\left(1 - \tau\right)}^{2}},\,C\!\left(m\right) = \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{\pi m}{2}} + \sigma {\nu}^{2} m\right) {\nu}^{m}

Copyright (C) Fredrik Johansson and contributors. Fungrim is provided under the MIT license. The source code is on GitHub.

2019-06-18 07:49:59.356594 UTC