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Airy functions

Table of contents: Definitions - Illustrations - Differential equation - Special values - Higher derivatives - Hypergeometric representations - Analytic properties

Definitions

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Symbol: AiryAi — Ai⁡ ⁣(z)\operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) — Airy function of the first kind
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Symbol: AiryBi — Bi⁡ ⁣(z)\operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right) — Airy function of the second kind

Illustrations

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Image: X-ray of Ai⁡ ⁣(z)\operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) on z∈[−6,6]+[−6,6]iz \in \left[-6, 6\right] + \left[-6, 6\right] i
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Image: X-ray of Bi⁡ ⁣(z)\operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right) on z∈[−6,6]+[−6,6]iz \in \left[-6, 6\right] + \left[-6, 6\right] i

Differential equation

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y′′(z)−zy ⁣(z)=0   where y ⁣(z)=CAi⁡ ⁣(z)+DBi⁡ ⁣(z)y''(z) - z y\!\left(z\right) = 0\; \text{ where } y\!\left(z\right) = C \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) + D \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right)
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Ai⁡ ⁣(z)Bi⁡′ ⁣(z)−Ai⁡′ ⁣(z)Bi⁡ ⁣(z)=1π\operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) \operatorname{Bi}'\!\left(z\right) - \operatorname{Ai}'\!\left(z\right) \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right) = \frac{1}{\pi}

Special values

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Ai⁡ ⁣(0)=132/3Γ ⁣(23)∈[0.355028053887817239260063186004±1.84⋅10−31]\operatorname{Ai}\!\left(0\right) = \frac{1}{{3}^{2 / 3} \Gamma\!\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)} \in \left[0.355028053887817239260063186004 \pm 1.84 \cdot 10^{-31}\right]
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Ai⁡′ ⁣(0)=−131/3Γ ⁣(13)∈[−0.258819403792806798405183560189±2.04⋅10−31]\operatorname{Ai}'\!\left(0\right) = -\frac{1}{{3}^{1 / 3} \Gamma\!\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)} \in \left[-0.258819403792806798405183560189 \pm 2.04 \cdot 10^{-31}\right]
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Bi⁡ ⁣(0)=131/6Γ ⁣(23)∈[0.614926627446000735150922369094±3.87⋅10−31]\operatorname{Bi}\!\left(0\right) = \frac{1}{{3}^{1 / 6} \Gamma\!\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)} \in \left[0.614926627446000735150922369094 \pm 3.87 \cdot 10^{-31}\right]
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Bi⁡′ ⁣(0)=31/6Γ ⁣(13)∈[0.448288357353826357914823710399±1.72⋅10−31]\operatorname{Bi}'\!\left(0\right) = \frac{{3}^{1 / 6}}{\Gamma\!\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)} \in \left[0.448288357353826357914823710399 \pm 1.72 \cdot 10^{-31}\right]

Higher derivatives

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Ai⁡′′(z)=zAi⁡ ⁣(z)\operatorname{Ai}''(z) = z \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right)
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Bi⁡′′(z)=zBi⁡ ⁣(z)\operatorname{Bi}''(z) = z \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right)
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y(n)(z)=zy(n−2)(z)+(n−2)y(n−3)(z)   where y ⁣(z)=CAi⁡ ⁣(z)+DBi⁡ ⁣(z){y}^{(n)}(z) = z {y}^{(n - 2)}(z) + \left(n - 2\right) {y}^{(n - 3)}(z)\; \text{ where } y\!\left(z\right) = C \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) + D \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right)

Hypergeometric representations

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Ai⁡ ⁣(z)=Ai⁡ ⁣(0) 0F1 ⁣(23,z39)+zAi⁡′ ⁣(0) 0F1 ⁣(43,z39)\operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) = \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(0\right) \,{}_0F_1\!\left(\frac{2}{3}, \frac{{z}^{3}}{9}\right) + z \operatorname{Ai}'\!\left(0\right) \,{}_0F_1\!\left(\frac{4}{3}, \frac{{z}^{3}}{9}\right)
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Bi⁡ ⁣(z)=Bi⁡ ⁣(0) 0F1 ⁣(23,z39)+zBi⁡′ ⁣(0) 0F1 ⁣(43,z39)\operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right) = \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(0\right) \,{}_0F_1\!\left(\frac{2}{3}, \frac{{z}^{3}}{9}\right) + z \operatorname{Bi}'\!\left(0\right) \,{}_0F_1\!\left(\frac{4}{3}, \frac{{z}^{3}}{9}\right)
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Ai⁡′ ⁣(z)=Ai⁡′ ⁣(0) 0F1 ⁣(13,z39)+z22Ai⁡ ⁣(0) 0F1 ⁣(53,z39)\operatorname{Ai}'\!\left(z\right) = \operatorname{Ai}'\!\left(0\right) \,{}_0F_1\!\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{{z}^{3}}{9}\right) + \frac{{z}^{2}}{2} \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(0\right) \,{}_0F_1\!\left(\frac{5}{3}, \frac{{z}^{3}}{9}\right)
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Bi⁡′ ⁣(z)=Bi⁡′ ⁣(0) 0F1 ⁣(13,z39)+z22Bi⁡ ⁣(0) 0F1 ⁣(53,z39)\operatorname{Bi}'\!\left(z\right) = \operatorname{Bi}'\!\left(0\right) \,{}_0F_1\!\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{{z}^{3}}{9}\right) + \frac{{z}^{2}}{2} \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(0\right) \,{}_0F_1\!\left(\frac{5}{3}, \frac{{z}^{3}}{9}\right)

Analytic properties

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HolomorphicDomain⁡ ⁣(CAi⁡ ⁣(z)+DBi⁡ ⁣(z),z,C∪{∞~})=C\operatorname{HolomorphicDomain}\!\left(C \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) + D \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right), z, \mathbb{C} \cup \left\{{\tilde \infty}\right\}\right) = \mathbb{C}
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Poles⁡ ⁣(CAi⁡ ⁣(z)+DBi⁡ ⁣(z),z,C∪{∞~})={}\operatorname{Poles}\!\left(C \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) + D \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right), z, \mathbb{C} \cup \left\{{\tilde \infty}\right\}\right) = \left\{\right\}
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EssentialSingularities⁡ ⁣(CAi⁡ ⁣(z)+DBi⁡ ⁣(z),z,C∪{∞~})={∞~}\operatorname{EssentialSingularities}\!\left(C \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) + D \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right), z, \mathbb{C} \cup \left\{{\tilde \infty}\right\}\right) = \left\{{\tilde \infty}\right\}
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BranchPoints⁡ ⁣(CAi⁡ ⁣(z)+DBi⁡ ⁣(z),z,C∪{∞~})={}\operatorname{BranchPoints}\!\left(C \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) + D \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right), z, \mathbb{C} \cup \left\{{\tilde \infty}\right\}\right) = \left\{\right\}
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BranchCuts⁡ ⁣(CAi⁡ ⁣(z)+DBi⁡ ⁣(z),z,C)={}\operatorname{BranchCuts}\!\left(C \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) + D \operatorname{Bi}\!\left(z\right), z, \mathbb{C}\right) = \left\{\right\}
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zeros⁡ z∈CAi⁡ ⁣(z)⊂R\mathop{\operatorname{zeros}\,}\limits_{z \in \mathbb{C}} \operatorname{Ai}\!\left(z\right) \subset \mathbb{R}
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zeros⁡ z∈CAi⁡′ ⁣(z)⊂R\mathop{\operatorname{zeros}\,}\limits_{z \in \mathbb{C}} \operatorname{Ai}'\!\left(z\right) \subset \mathbb{R}

Copyright (C) Fredrik Johansson and contributors. Fungrim is provided under the MIT license. The source code is on GitHub.

2019-06-18 07:49:59.356594 UTC